Warfare and innate human aggression

Warfare is a common characteristic of all primate societies and its main feature is violence or conflict. The objective is usually to achieve a psychological or material domination over the enemy because one group perceives that the opponent is more dominant and two groups are unable to agree to equality as way to solve their differences. There are many motivating factors that lead to war including resources, power, sociological and psychological elements. The point of focus here is the psychological elements.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Warfare and innate human aggression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Psychologists have argued that human beings are inherently violent, this is to mean that they are naturally aggressive thus the reason for them engaging in wars.Psychologists like E.F.M. Durban and John Bowlby believe that aggressiveness is caused by anger hatred, and bias against other nations, rel igions, ideologies, races and other attributes that make the human race different. Sigmund Freud a person considered as father of psychology argues that there is a reservoir of aggressive energy in humans naturally and spontaneously and that this energy must be occasionally released trough sports to prevent it from causing violence. However others believe this is just a theory and that human aggressiveness is more of a characteristic acquired through nurture not nature, making the question† Are Humans Innately Aggressive?† or is it just a fallacy and hence the need to critically examine the reality. The first step would to examine the controversy of nature or nurture as mentioned above. This has to do with the extent to which human behavior is instinctive or affected by environmental factors such as culture, role of parents and peers. The question of nurture and nature as been there since the Darwinian era with the argument taking three sides: some say that culture is to blame; others argue it is instinct and thirdly some argue it is genetic. â€Å"Aggression is an action with the intent to create harm; however, violence refers to an action with extreme harm as the main goal of the action Culture is also the entirety of the instinctual forces of humans channeled into institutions that allow for good and bad behavior, where those who follow the guidelines are good and the violators are bad (Fornari, 261). Culture can therefore not be completely separated from instincts or human desires but can only be used to help humans fit to the specific society that a person is living in and hence the two elements should be handled together.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Different cultures have diverse values that they believe in and are instilled in the people for guidance. Some cultures encourage violence and even reward those that are very violent and are considered as pride of the community. Most of these communities are found in Africa and the Asian nations. Other cultures are calm, gentle encourage peace and even punish those that engage in violence. Human beings unlike other animals are biologically created to enable; rational thinking, consideration, creativity and culture and hence it is this factor that should enable them to cooperate and to coexist. Again because of this factor, humans choose what they want and who they want to be, there is no such thing as nature it all depends on the values and norms that we hold on to. Furthermore some scientist have argued not all human beings have instincts, which are; innate predispositions such as desire to eat and reproduce, thus the argument if indeed there is one for aggression. However all humans have some degree of aggression for protection and feeding, what maters is how far is an individual wiling to be aggressive and that depends on the values that have been instilled i n the individual by culture (Fornari, 265). Genetically testosterone has been believed to be the cause of aggression, however it is just a source and there has to an external factor that influences aggressiveness.Serotin is another hormone that is believed to cause aggression, for it is responsible for antisocial behaviors in human if it is low in the body but similar to testosterone it can not be solely blamed for aggression but is used by people as a scapegoat. Most of the proponents of this idea of innate aggression have received criticisms such as: their studies are based on animal experiments ignoring the major differences that there between animals and humans, secondly many types of animal aggression are not similar to human aggressions, humans are complex and have ability to reason rationally unlike animals, and finally there is little biological evidence that supports this theory. Having looked at innate human aggression it’s evident that it not a cause of warfare and it is found it is all societies People who believe otherwise are also unlikely to support peace movements but instead support wars.( Fisk and Schellenberg)explains that† we do have a choice with respect to aggression and war. To an extent, such destructiveness is due precisely to the mistaken assumption that we are helpless to control an essentially violent nature’. The major causes of war as mentioned earlier are ;power, one of the major cause of wars in the world’s history ,leaders such as Hitler led to the deaths of many due to wars that they initiated due to their personals ambitions of achieving absolute power, resources the other major element that has been a major force that led to war over the centuries all in pursuit for more territory and wealth, sociological wars are other kinds of wars that have featured in the world and ere caused by social political and economic factors for example the world wars, religious wars also very common especially with the Muslims and Jews ,some are about leadership ,worshipping places like temples and also ideologies supported by a particular religion.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Warfare and innate human aggression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are factors that have characterized modern wars such as; Marxists theories wars are as a result of free market and the class systems that have led to competition for resources and markets, the theories argue that these wars would only end only if the two classes would disappear but it would take a revolution for that to happen. The other type of modern wars is sanctioned by the UN so as to foster peace in a nation that is experiencing crisis for example the gulf wars and Korean Wars. Most wars come to an end and people often result to, rational reasoning to solve their differences which involves negotiation, mediation, arbitration, arbitration and implementation of t he agreements. This shows that there are better ways of conflict resolution instead of wars. Conclusion Humans being a product of their societies and cultures, their actions and decisions are solely dependent on the environment in which they live and not human instincts. Human aggression is universal but wars are not, since there are so many peaceful nations where people are civilized and reason beyond their personal instincts. Some societies too have been involved in wars in past ,for example Sweden, but it has transformed from a society characterized by wars to a calm and industrialized nation and this can only be explained in terms of social and political factors and not humans instincts because people still exist there and they are not fighting. The role of the environment is so vital that the innate behavior theory seen to be out of place because other human needs like sex have been controlled through celibacy, while people survive hunger when they fast voluntarily. It could be considered as saying; it is the nature of buildings to burn because there is oxygen in our planet. Many fallacies have been created such as ‘we are born to be killers, we have an excuse to act like killers† and people have been made to believe in them by there creators who are often our rulers and law makers. If human beings are aggressive in nature and war cannot be avoided we then need very powerful leaders, governments, strong armies and security forces, and a lot of guidance from the church to save us from ourselves. To understand aggression psychologists need to find out the how human beings are able to stay in one group and peacefully coexist but yet attack other groups just because they don’t belong to the same group although they are still humans.This is evidence that wars are beyond instincts and nature but more of nurture, and that aggression is learned or acquired.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Fisk and Schellenberg. Patterns of Conflict, Paths to Peace. Peterborough,ON: Broadview Press, 2000. Print. Fornari, Franco. The Psychoanalysis of War. NewYork: Doubleday: Anchor Press, 1974. Print. This research paper on Warfare and innate human aggression was written and submitted by user Gloria F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gone Away essays

Gone Away essays There seem to be countless stories, poems, music pieces, and videos about the meaning of life or death. One that came to my mind pretty quickly, was Gone Away, by the Offspring. I think this one probably came before all the others because I had heard it on the radio a couple days before the assignment. When I heard it, I thought about the words in it. The message is clear and simple as well. I like the music group the Offspring because they have had many good songs out in the past few years while I have been growing up. The message of the song Gone Away, is that people on earth suffer when they lose a loved one. The singers say, Maybe in another life, I could find you there. Pulled away before your time, I can't deal it's so unfair. The person is really suffering and knows they are going to miss the lost loved one. They are hoping that they can see them in another life. They lost them before they were actually expecting to lose them. Also, the world is changed for the person that lost the loved one. And it feels, and it feels like heaven's so far away. And it feels, Yeah it feels like the world has grown cold, now that you've gone away. This talks about how the world has changed because they miss the person gone. It seems to them that they are so far away. The final verse is very emotional. Leaving flowers on your grave, show that I still care. But black roses and Hail Mary's, can't bring back what's taken from me. I reach to the sky, and call out your name. And if I could trade, I would. This means although the person lost the close person in their life early, they are still going to show that they really do care. It is difficult for this person to move on. They feel like the person has been taken from them. ...

A History of the Eiffel Tower

A History of the Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower is the most visually famous structure in France, perhaps in Europe, and has seen over 200 million visitors. Yet it wasn’t supposed to be permanent and the fact it still stands is down to a willingness to accept new technology which was how the thing came to be built in the first place. Origins of the Eiffel Tower In 1889 France held the Universal Exhibition, a celebration of modern achievement timed to coincide with the first centenary of the French Revolution. The French government held a competition to design an â€Å"iron tower† to be erected at the entrance to the exhibition on the Champ-de-Mars, partly to create an impressive experience for visitors. One hundred and seven plans were submitted, and the winner was one by engineer and entrepreneur Gustav Eiffel, aided by architect Stephen Sauvestre and engineers Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier. They won because they were willing to innovate and create a true statement of intent for France. The Eiffel Tower Eiffel’s tower was to be unlike anything yet built: 300 meters tall, at that time the highest man-made structure on earth, and built of a latticework of wrought iron, a material whose large scale production is now synonymous with the industrial revolution. But the design and nature of the material, making use of metal arches and trusses, meant the tower could be light and â€Å"see-through†, rather than a solid block, and retain still its strength. Its construction, which began on January 26th 1887, was swift, relatively cheap and achieved with a small workforce. There were 18,038 pieces and over two million rivets. The Tower is based on four large pillars, which form a square 125 meters along each side, before rising up and joining into a central tower. The curving nature of the pillars meant the elevators, which were themselves a relatively recent invention, had to be carefully designed. There are viewing platforms at several levels, and people can travel to the top. Parts of the great curves are actually purely aesthetic. The structure is painted (and re-painted regularly). Opposition and Skepticism The Tower is now considered a historical milestone in design and construction, a masterpiece for its day, the start of a new revolution in building. At the time, however, there was opposition, not least from people horrified at the aesthetic implications of such a large structure on the Champ-de-Mars. On February 14th 1887, while construction was ongoing, a statement of complaint was issued by â€Å"personalities from the world of arts and letters†. Other people were skeptical that the project would work: this was a new approach, and that always brings problems. Eiffel had to fight his corner but was successful and the tower went ahead. Everything would rest on whether the structure actually worked... The Opening of the Eiffel Tower On March 31st, 1889 Eiffel climbed to the top of the tower and hoisted a French flag at the top, opening the structure; various notables followed him up. It remained the highest building in the world until the Chrysler building was finished in New York in 1929, and is still the tallest structure in Paris. The building and planning was a success, with the tower impressing. Lasting Impact The Eiffel Tower was originally designed to stand for twenty years but has lasted over a century, thanks partly to Eiffel’s willingness to use the tower in experiments and innovations in wireless telegraphy, allowing the mounting of antennas. Indeed, the Tower was at one point due to be torn down but remained after it began broadcasting signals. In 2005 this tradition was continued when Paris’ first digital television signals were broadcast from the Tower. However, since its construction the Tower has achieved a lasting cultural impact, first as a symbol of modernity and innovation, then as of Paris and France. Media of all sorts has used the Tower. Its almost inconceivable that anyone would try to knock down the tower now, as its one of the most famous structures in the world and an easy marker for films and television to use.

Comment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Comment - Essay Example However, the social contract theory as defined should not include it being a set of rules because the parties in the contract only follow it because the others are following it. Unlike in a set of rules, where one party breaks the contract, the other party will also do the same. If a government does not protect the rights of its citizens despite giving up some of their rights in order for the government to govern, the citizens may revolt. The resource follows a logical sequence of thought with the prisoner’s dilemma being linked to the social contract theory. While you state that the prisoner’s dilemma is the best solution for the citizens and the government, it would have helped if you had given an example of how it could do this. As the paper stands, the example given is too general, and it is not clear to whom the prisoner’s dilemma is a difficult situation to be in. The prisoner’s dilemma, I surmise from your following argument, is difficult for the prisoners because it is in each prisoner’s best interest to say what he/she knows, even though it might be the best outcome they would wish for (Fieser 137). Finally, I am in agreement with your conclusion that cooperation is the best way to come up with societal

Elements of Discipline plan in Elementary school Assignment

Elements of Discipline plan in Elementary school - Assignment Example Appendix B: Initial Participant Letter Appendix C: Participant Informed Consent Form Appendix D: Teacher Interview Questions Chapter 1 Overview This assignment reflects on the history of American elementary schools and struggle towards the control of improving educational standards public schools in United States of America. There are some historical issues that have been discussed in this analytical report, along with some important writers who worked very hard to introduce better standards of education in American schools, colleges and universities. It also provide with the literature review of great historical leaders who contributed a great deal towards improving standards of elementary education in America with a history of discipline in elementary schools. It also sheds light on the most effective method of discipline. Introduction Elementary schools have been existed worldwide as the foundation of formal educational system. It establishes the base for future education. It prepares students in fundamental skills and awareness and can be defined as prior to formal education that comes after that. It is an institution where children receive the first stage of compulsory education known as elementary or primary education. In America, elementary school education starts from six to twelve years and at some institutes thirteen to fourteen as well depending on particular state of school patterns. Elementary school covers the reading, writing, introduction to social and natural sciences, arts and crafts and physical education. Most important responsibility of elementary school is getting affiliated with peers and creating an identification of children with society and nation. For decades, classroom management has... Elementary schools have been existed worldwide as the foundation of formal educational system. It establishes the base for future education. It prepares students in fundamental skills and awareness and can be defined as prior to formal education that comes after that. It is an institution where children receive the first stage of compulsory education known as elementary or primary education. In America, elementary school education starts from six to twelve years and at some institutes thirteen to fourteen as well depending on particular state of school patterns. Elementary school covers the reading, writing, introduction to social and natural sciences, arts and crafts and physical education. Most important responsibility of elementary school is getting affiliated with peers and creating an identification of children with society and nation. For decades, classroom management has been an issue and many effective teaching lessons have gone array due to student disruption. This critical review of the literature analyzes the elements that can be identified in a successful and effective classroom discipline plan. During science, social studies, and writing time, in my first year of teaching, it has been noticed many students getting off task.

The Process of Selection in Course Development Essay Example for Free

The Process of Selection in Course Development Essay Course development starts with the proper selection of course, resources, and strategy.   In selecting the course, certain factors have to be considered, such as the level of knowledge, the level of skill, and the level of confidence that the course requires. Expertise is one of the most significant factors in selecting the course because teaching requires that the instructor or teacher should have a solid background and knowledge regarding the subject.   Along with the selection of the course comes the selection of the basic topics or ideas that have to be discussed.    The organization or flow of the course would have to depend on these, so it has to be consistent with the subject, the level of teaching, and the philosophy or beliefs that the instructor wishes to evoke.   The basic theme or approach of study should also be selected. Next to selecting the course and the philosophy would be the resources from which the content of the course would have to depend on.   This includes the materials, the devices, and the people, which can influence the execution of the course ideas and philosophy.   Team teachers, librarians, community members, as well as computer support personnel are all included in the people resources.   It is in this stage as well that the tenets of discipline are being considered, as based on the philosophy and resources that are being made available. Lastly, when it comes to the strategy, the first thing to plan would be the basic objective that should come in line with the theme, tenets of discipline, and philosophy that are being selected.   Selecting objectives for the curriculum includes the learning theories and philosophies that would fulfill the execution of the strategy. It is important, too, that all these are related to the learning needs and characteristics (e.g., cognitive, cultural, social) of the learners.   Their skills and familiarity count a lot when developing the strategy, and by going over these, the instructor should have a basic framework on the best strategy that should fulfill the learning process, as indicated by the overall context.   Since learning should be a continuous process, the learners’ experience, motivation, and diversity should not be ignored. Reference Neal, I.P. (1998, September). Teaching centers, instructional technology, and course development.   Retrieved June 26, 2008, from the Technology Source Archives database: http://technologysource.org/article/teaching_centers_instructional_technology_and_course_development/.

Bop Music in the 1950s Essay -- Music

The Bop Beat The bebop revolution coincided with the birth of the Beat Generation. In a slightly unbalanced relationship, Beat writers often molded their poetics and style after the playing of such jazz music. "Jazz writers," such as Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, upheld their poetic ideals to the techniques of jazz musicians, such as rhythm, improvisation, and call and response. The structure of creative writing underwent a change, as the importance of form equaled that of theme. Swing, the predecessor of bop, was big, sweet, and hot. The performers were big bands, fronted by a charismatic bandleader, yet the success of a piece depended mostly on the unity of the ensemble as a whole, rather than on the showcasing of prodigious individuals. The requisite instrument was the saxophone, which was often smooth and mellifluous. Songs were old favorites, or simple jazz standards, that had been arranged to suit a large ensemble. Swing bands played in large venues, such as ballrooms, and to large audiences, who seized the opportunity to not just tap their toes, but to "jump, jive, and wail." The swing era became the most popular form of jazz, as it catered to audiences as a form of social and interactive entertainment. So, bop can be seen as a reaction to the eventual sterilization and ubiquity of swing music. The first bop records were made by in 1944 by Coleman Hawkins experimenting with his swing band. Several individuals were instrumental in the propagation of this new form, such as Charlie "Bird" Parker (alto sax), Dizzy Gillespie (trumpet), Thelonious Monk (piano), Bud Powell (piano), Miles Davis (trumpet), and Charles Mingus (bass). The standard ensemble became a quintet, consisting of piano, bass, drums, reed instrument... ...ndiana University Press, 1991. Ginsberg, Allen. Howl and other poems. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1997. _____________. Composed on the Tongue. Bolinas, Cal: Grey Fox Press, 1980. Jones, Morley. Jazz. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1980. Kerouac, Jack. Book of Blues. New York: Penguin Books, 1995. ___________. On the Road. New York: Penguin Books, 1975. ___________. "The Essentials of Spontaneous Prose." Casebook on the Beat. Thomas Parkinson, ed. New York: Thomas Y. Cromwell Company, 1961. 65-67. Podhoretz, Norman. "The Know-Nothing Bohemians." Casebook on the Beat. Thomas Parkinson, ed. New York: Thomas Y. Cromwell Company, 1961. 204. Tallman, Warren. "Kerouac's Sound." Casebook on the Beat. Thomas Parkinson, ed. New York: Thomas Y. Cromwell Company, 1961. 220-221. Waters, Kristen. "Pandering to Publishers." Sequel. Vol. 10 (1998): 61.

Nutrition considerations as key elements in the development and production of food products

Nutrition considerations are often key elements in the development and production of food products. Discuss the influence of dietary trends and guidelines such as Health of the Nation on the production of food products. Over the last 20 years the number of people who are obese has increased three fold and is still rising. In 1998 30,000 premature deaths in England were caused by obesity. It is estimated that nearly two thirds of men and over half the women in this country are now overweight or obese. This problem is increasing faster in this country than any other European country and if the trend continues to rise at the current rate then by 2010 one in four adults will be obese. Heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and osteoarthritis are all conditions that are linked to obesity. All these conditions represent a great burden on the National Health Service. Heart disease causes 270,000 heart attacks each year in the United Kingdom and if obesity continues to rise then so will the incidences of coronary heart disease. Not only does the National Health Service carry the burden of obesity, but the economy of the country as whole through lost work days as a result of obesity related illnesses. There is no easy way for the Government of any country to tackle this problem, but there is scope for promotion of healthier lifestyles. Experts blame the rise in obesity on a combination of a less active lifestyle and changes to our eating patterns. Combating obesity relies on well-balanced, healthy eating and an increase in regular physical activity. In 1998 the Government published its Green Paper ‘Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation'. This is an action plan to tackle the poor health, realising that â€Å"good health is fundamental to all our lives†. It focused on tackling the main killers: cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke, accidents and mental illness. The Government set targets in these priority areas. One of the targets was to reduce the death rate from coronary heart disease and stroke by at least two fifths in people under 75 by the year 2010. Individual choices about lifestyle, such as diet, have a direct impact on health and as such people should be encouraged to adopt healthy eating habits. However, healthy foods, at least in Britain, are not only more expensive then unhealthy foods, but also take longer to prepare. For many people these days time as well as money costs can be an important determinant of lifestyle choice. Supermarkets have extended their range of fresh fruit in recent years with import form all over the world. Healthy foods are now clearly marked and in fact the government has legislated that all food products should be clearly marked with their nutritional values for customers to make an informed choice. Manufacturers are well aware that people are far more aware of the need to adopt a healthier diet and mark their products accordingly. Consumers can be targeted through the mass media and advertisers target certain groups. Health promotion has a role to play in educating the nation towards a healthier lifestyle, including diet. The Government is committed to improving the health of the nation and hopes to empower individuals to take charge of their own health through education. Schools have an important part to play in educating its pupils towards a healthy lifestyle. The Green Paper â€Å"Our Healthier Nation† is aimed mainly at the Health Service and the role it can play in helping to bring down the death rate and the main theme is to educate the individual to make informed choice regarding their lifestyle. It is not really aimed at manufacturers of food products, but people's awareness and demand for a healthier diet will drive the manufacturers to be more proactive in the production of healthier products. Whilst the problem of poor health caused by obesity appears to be the target of most health education programmes, it is important to remember that malnutrition can also be a problem. However, this is more often thought of as a problem of the third world countries.

The relative importance of the following marketing factors

The relative importance of the following marketing factors in driving product choice: brand, quality, distribution and pricing is commonly defined by a number of varied customer behaviors towards a particular product. Some of these behavioral traits may encompass taste, style, fashion as well as personal trend(s). Good and Service For instance, there are those consumers who would opt to posses a cello phone with such as brand name as Sprint. By examining the basic features of the Sprint, it would be paramount to assert that, they innately captures the consumers imagination and more building a personal touch and class.Thus, it can be argued that, when the consumers purchases this particular brand, he or she is profoundly compelled by the desire to build a personal relationship which is more established by the nature of his preference (Kotler, 1999). Despite the price variations with other brands in the market, also, the brands quality, market eminence as well as its status singularly, the consumer will definitely pay particular attention to the attributes of the given product chosen and it is here that a strong bond between the consumer and the products develops.This infers that, the chosen product will be in a position to provide unmatched services to the user, hence, reinforcing the overall customer-product relationship. Also other influential elements may include; store, buying option, product, package, method of procuring among other market factors. Good Only Basically, when opting to a purchase a particular product or good, there are a number of unforeseen forces that determines which good is to be purchased.Though there are a number of attributes which may compel an individual to consider a particular item, it would be essential to assert that, any purchase is greatly influenced by the desire to build a health relationship with the chosen brand whether be it for immediate use or not. Take for instance; Colt is a brand name that is synonymous with top milit ary experts more so, it is highly linked to professional marksmen. This is due to its qualities which include it loading and recoiling power, weight as well as the length and duration it can be used without jamming.Examining such attributes, it is fundamental to assert that, the market drives the given client to seek a gun that is reliable, also due to the nature of its market status, such aspects as durability, price, brand trust as well as its value makes it a brand of choice among the gun loving clients. Therefore, it can be started that, there are a number of factors which drives a product choice, in case of good, such attributes as product stability, brand, price as well as its quality and this instrumentally have been cited as some of the major factors that are involved in shaping a client-product relationship (Fournier, 2003).As a result, the more a product or a good is steady the more the relationship is sturdy. hence, another profound aspect may be attributed to personal at titudes and outlook change are subjective to consumer(s) individuality and lifestyle towards the given good as well as the source of the given product, hence, an individual may be compelled to be associated with a Colt due to the brand which is market wise renown rather than purchase the new market entrants. Therefore, it would be essential to agree that, customers develop relationships with brands and the implications of this for brand management.Service Only Examining the service only markets, it is essential to assert that, consumers are more than often attracted by the very first impression of the service provided. This infers that, a bond was formed. Consider for instance, a movie fan may get hooked to Paramount pictures productions due to the nature and of the quality of their movies, more so, this can also be due to the quality of their production in terms of theme, plot, storyline as well as how they employ such instruments as sound and visual effects to tell a story in thei r movies.Therefore, despite market influences which may include the scope of pricing as well as the trust developed towards a particular brand, it would be instrumental to argue that there are other factors which may compel a client to go for Paramount pictures instead of other film productions brands such as Warner or Columbia pictures. Some of these factors may entail individual preference making the client-product to go beyond emotionally level (Birger, 2003). ConclusionsA number of diverse elements are singularly influencing the manner the marketing issues of brand relationships and brand communities are being developed. It would be paramount to assert that, where a consumer develops a relationship with a brand, it is likely that, the quality, package, brand or other key aspects may have contributed to such a development. Consider the fact that, such marketing aspects as psychographic and normative characteristics have a profound impact on the manner a customer relates to a prod uct resulting to its purchase or rejection.Marketers have found that, these features have an impact on purchase intentions and these variables include: quality consciousness, deal proneness; value consciousness, attitudes of reference groups and price consciousness (Freeman, 2008). It can be argued that, consumers’ behavioral approach towards an immediate product interest as well as its purchase is in one way influenced by the manner marketers employ strategic promotional aspects in order to build client-product relationship.And this can be attributed to two essential behavior theories pertinent to aspects of marketing: namely utility theory and the theory of reasoned action (Callingham, 2004). References Birger, W (2003). Marketing Strategy . Massachusetts: MIT. Callingham, M. (2004). Market intelligence. NY: OUP. Fournier, S. (2003). Brand relationship . Florida: UMI. Freeman, J. (2008). Products and Branding. TUI. Kotler, P, (1999). Management. NY: OUP.

Alferis words Essay Example

Alferis words Essay Example Alferis words Paper Alferis words Paper Eddie feels he is forced to ring the immigration bureau and all this because of jealousy. His jealousy built up as Catherine became more independent and mature. He realized she was slipping away from his grasp and dislikes it.Eddies own words were,  You can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word you gave away.  Eddie betrayed his own beliefs, and lost the respect of the whole community and his honor because of jealousy Eddie, who ignored Alferis words of warning, You wont have a friend in the world, Eddie! Even those who understand will turn against you,  And all this because of the protectiveness and jealousy he didnt want to watch Catherine marrying.  Alfieri is one of the characters that is aware of Eddies motives behind his actions. Eddie visits Alfieri twice during the play once at the end of act one when Eddie is beginning to see that Catherine is in love with Rodolpho and Eddies jealousy is beginning to climax and also at the beginning of act two when Eddies has had enough and his heart tells him to do the wrong thing. Eddie you mean to tell me that theres no law that a guy which he aint right can go to work and marry a girl and ?  Eddie is speaking to Alfieri and you see that Eddies jealousy is greater than ever. Hes telling Alfieri that Rodolpho aint right implying that hes gay. Eddie is trying to find anything that will be able to stop the marriage between his Catherine and Rodolpho.  Alfieri is aware of why Eddie is visiting him. Alfieri sees that his love for his niece is greater than his love for his wife and Eddies jealousy for Rodolpho has forced Eddie to visit Alfieri to find a law that would stop the marriage. Alfieri But, Eddie, shes a woman now  Eddie Hes stealing from me!  Alfieri She wants to get married, Eddie. She cant marry you, can she?  Alfieri sees that Eddie looks at Catherine as more than just a niece. Eddie says Hes stealing from me implying that Catherine is his but Alfieri then says that  she cant marry you, can she so here you know that Alfieri is aware of Eddies love for his niece and he sees that sooner or later Eddie was going to do something very stupid because of his love and jealousy towards Catherine and Rodolphos relationship.  In Eddies second visit to Alfieri Eddie tries to dig deeper to find something that would stop the marriage. Alfieris last words to Eddie were. Alfieri When the law is wrong its because its unnatural, but in this case it is natural and a river will drown you if you buck it now. Let her go. And bless her.Somebody had to come for her Eddie sooner or later. You wont have a friend in the world, Eddie ! Even those who understand will turn against you, even the ones who feel the same will despite you!  Alfieri sees what Eddie is going to resort too and by saying you wont have a friend in the world hes trying to worn him off ringing the immigration bureau but Eddies love for his niece tells him to do the wrong thing. Beatrice was also one of the characters that were aware of his true feelings behind his motives but she gave the impression of being scared to say anything. Beatrice is seen as a timid person and wouldnt confront Eddie as he dominates her decisions and in a way scares her. Beatrice leaves the situation to begin with but as Eddie persists to be overprotective and begins interfering with Catherine and Rodolphos relationship she tries to make Catherine aware of Eddies motives behind his actions. We see a long duologue between Eddie and Beatrice that makes us realize that Beatrice is aware of Eddies motives when Eddie becomes agitated when Catherine is out,  When he aint working. He aint supposed to go advertising himself.  We know Catherine and Rodolpo have been dating for two weeks and are at the pictures when the scene opens. It is clear Eddies concern has grown; he pretends he is worried for Rodolphos safety, although it is obvious he is only becoming agitated at the thought of them being together out of his sight. Beatrice senses his distrust and jealousy,  (Smiling) Ah, go on, youre just jealous.  However, she keeps her feelings safe by presenting her thoughts almost as a joke and ignoring the fact she sees that Eddie loves Catherine really.  She trys to make Catherine aware of his feelings for her but Catherine is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and disillusioned by what Beatrice is trying to tell her.  But if you act like a baby hell b treatin you like a baby. Like when he comes home sometimes you throw yourself at him like when you was twelve years old  Beatrice is trying to tell Catherine that shes acting flirtatious round him and shes doing the wrong thing seen as though shes nearly a grown woman. Beatrice Sit down honey, I wanna tell you something. Here sit down. Was there ever any fella he liked for you? There wasnt was there?  Catherine But he says Rodolpho just after his papers  Beatrice Hell say anything. What does he care what he says? If it was a prince came here for you it would be no different. You know that dont you  Beatrice is subtlety trying to tell her that Eddie doesnt want to loose her and his jealousy wont let her go. Also by saying if it was a prince that came here for you it would be no different shes trying to tell Catherine that he has an attraction for her and that there will never be a man good enough for his Catherine.  Catherine is Eddie Madonna meaning he worships her and loves her. In his eyes he cant let her go but Catherine cant understand why.  Eddies jealousy then has a detrimental effect on Beatrice and Eddies relationship.  Eddies love for his niece Catherine interferes with their relationship. Beatrice feels as though she is second best to her own niece. Eddies jealousy has taken over their marriage. When am I going to be a wife again?  I aint been feeling good. They bother me since they came  In her desperate search to be accepted she even blames herself. From the start we saw how Eddie was in charge of the relationship, but now Beatrice is angered by his lack of attention  Eddie I want you to cut it out, right now, you hear me.  In Beatrices frustration she has stood up to him. The blatant accusing only frustrates and complicates Eddies thoughts, and it becomes clear their relationship is starting to break up. This is just from Eddies anger and jealousy toward Catherine and Rodolpho, not only is his marriage breaking apart but his relationship with Catherine is too. Eddie uses the excuse to cover up the fact he has more love for Catherine than Beatrice and Beatrice feels as though its pushing them further apart and is very fed up of not being loved because of Eddies jealousy.  Irony is a very important part to the play A View from the Bridge and also makes Eddies jealousy noticeable.  When Eddie warns Catherine and Beatrice that they must never discuss the submarine it is a strong example of prophetic irony because it foretells how Eddie will make his major error in judgment when he betrays Marco and Rodolpho along with the Lipari Cousins. Eddies humiliated and publicly accused by Marco. Just remember kid you can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word you gave away  This is the warning Eddie gave to Beatrice and Catherine telling them not to mention anything about Rodolpho and Marco to anyone but in the end it was Eddie who went against his own words.  Alfieri was another person who also warned Eddie from doing the wrong thing  you wont have a friend in the world Eddie  But Eddie still doesnt listen to his warning and in the end turns into tragedy in Eddies death. In a view from the bridge Eddie realizes when its too late and hes dying that Beatrice love him and he loves Beatrice. He realizes that it was impossible to keep Catherine as he had tried and it was inevitable that one day he would have to let her go.  Eddies secret desire for Catherine is also incorporated in his self interest because all he could think of was himself and he didnt look at how happy Catherine and Rodolpho were, all he cared about was jealousy an trying to break them up by phoning the immigration bureau but all this caused was Catherine and himself to grow apart and for Catherine to finally see what type of a man he really was.  Eddie jealousy leads to the huge tragedy at the end. Instead of putting his feelings aside for Catherine he left them grow until his outburst of jealousy turned into tragedy and in the end he realizes what a terrible mistake he has made.

A governing body Essay Example for Free

A governing body Essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Haven't found the essay you want? Get your custom sample essay for only $13.90/page ? A governing body is eminent in every populace. Although the governing bodies of the United States and Sweden are both administered by Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches, the role they play in the politics of their respective countries differs greatly. Both countries are subject to laws set forth by age-old constitutions. There is also variance in the number of representative parties for the population of each country. It is important to look at the age of the country and its influence on the government. The period of time in which countries are founded is very important in showing why certain countries have the institutions that they do. The early Swedish government was formed by aristocrats who nominated a king that used his rule to influence religion. This aspect of Sweden’s political history differs from that of the U. S. , which was founded hundreds of years later to be ruled by representation. U. S. Government The United States is the world’s oldest representative democracy. The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the Constitution. Citizens are subject to three levels of government: federal, state, and local levels; most areas are subject to multiple local governments, such as county or metropolitan governments in addition to municipal government. The federal government is comprised of three branches, which are designed to check and balance one another’s powers. The Legislative branch is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives, which makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, and has the power of making decisions regarding the budget and taxation, also known as â€Å"Power of the Purse. † The Executive branch is comprised of the President, who appoints, with Senate approval, the Cabinet and other officers. The Cabinet administers and enforces federal laws. The president is also Commander-in-Chief of the military. The Judicial branch is the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the President with Senate approval. The Judicial branch interprets laws and can overturn laws they deem unconstitutional. The United States Constitution is the supreme legal document that governs the American system. The document is considered a social contract for the people of the United States, regulating their affairs through government chosen by and populated by the people. All laws and procedures of both state and federal governments are subject to review, and any law ruled by the Judicial branch to be in violation of the Constitution can be overturned. The Constitution can be amended by two methods, both of which require the approval of three-fourths of the states. Officials at all three levels are either elected by voters in a secret ballot or appointed by other elected officials. Executive and legislative offices are decided by a plurality vote of citizens in their districts. Judicial and cabinet-level offices are nominated by the Executive branch and approved by the Legislature in the federal government and most states, although some state judges are elected by popular vote. American politics is dominated by the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. Members of these two parties hold the majority of elected offices across the country at federal, state, and lower levels. Independent or third party candidates tend to do better in lower-level elections; however, there are currently two independent members of the Senate. Within American political culture, the Republican Party is considered conservative and the Democratic Party is considered liberal. Swedish Politics Information published by Nations Encyclopedia advises Sweden is a constitutional monarchy, of which King Carl XVI Gustaf is currently the head of state, but royal power is limited to official and ceremonial functions. The nation’s modern legislative body is the Swedish Parliament, also known as Riksdag, with 349 members, which chooses the Prime Minister. The Riksdag holds supreme authority in modern Sweden. The Riksdag is responsible for choosing the Prime Minister, who then appoints the ministers. The legislative power is then shared between the parliament and the Prime Minister-led government. The executive power is exercised by the government, while the Judiciary, unlike that of the United States is independent. Sweden’s judiciary system also lacks the ability to review laws that may be in violation of the constitution. Acts of the parliament and government decrees can be made inapplicable at every level if they are against constitutional laws. Legislation may be initiated by the Cabinet or by members of Parliament. Members are elected on the basis of proportional representation, or full representation versus the plurality voting system used in the U. S. The Constitution of Sweden can be altered by the Riksdag, which requires an absolute majority and two decisions with general elections in between. Since 1932, the Cabinets have been dominated by the Social Democrats. The following political parties currently hold seats in the Riksdag: Social Democrats, Moderates, Centre Party, Liberal People’s Party, Christian Democrats, Left Party, and Greens. There are six other parties, however, they do not currently hold any of the seats of the Riksdag. The six parties are: Swedish Democrats, Feminist Initiative, The Pirate Party, June List, The Health Care Party, and National Democrats. Religious and Cultural Aspects of Government Historicizing the formation of the Swedish government is to review the affects of aristocracy on government and government on religion. In the middle ages, struggle for power between powerful families and Great Men, also known as Stormannen, caused politically unstable situations. Sweden was a kingdom where the king was elected by members of a council of aristocrats; therefore, the throne was not inherited. The presence of powerful Great Men and chiefs meant that the king’s influence was often quite limited. His political and fiscal control over the country depended upon support from the aristocracy. During the late Middle Ages political anarchy came about in Sweden. Constant struggle for power between a number of families and the Danish King Kristian II ended in the Bloodbath of Stockholm in the early 1500s. The result of this struggle enabled Gustav Vasa to become king in 1521. The most important reform Gustav Vasa made was the reformation of the Church. â€Å"The king was able to gain political control, as well as control the property of the Church, all Swedes suddenly became Protestants instead of Catholics†(History World, 2007). This made it possible for the king to establish himself, not the Pope, as head of the Church, and also to use the Church as a pedagogic tool on the people according to History World. Because everyone had to attend church on Sundays, the state could reach almost the entire populace with information, propaganda, and a certain amount of education. The Bible was, for instance, translated from Latin to Swedish during this time. This had a positive impact on literacy among the ordinary people. In the United States, the formation of the government was influenced by agenda and innovationists rather than religion or how politics could influence religion. â€Å"Our Founding Fathers were not known to practice Christian orthodoxy†(White House, 2007). Although they supported the free exercise of any religion, they believed there could be dangers in incorporating a religion into the creation of a government to serve all people. Most of them believed in deism and attended Freemasonry lodges. According to John J. Robinson, â€Å"Freemasonry had been a powerful force for religious freedom†(Free Masons, 2007). Freemasons took seriously the principle that men should worship according to their own conscious. Masonry welcomed anyone from any religion or non-religion, as long as they believed in a Supreme Being. Washington, Franklin, Hancock, Hamilton, Lafayette, and many others accepted Freemasonry. According to the Free Masonry Organization, in order to be a Free Mason, one must believe in the existence of a â€Å"Supreme Being,† which includes the â€Å"gods† of Islam, Hinduism, or any other world religion. Although many believe the anti-Biblical and anti-Christian beliefs and practices of this organization are partially hidden beneath an outward appearance of a supposed compatibility with the Christian faith, the organization supports every religion. The influence of a non-uniform Christian society on the U. S. government was probably due to the combinations of cultures and backgrounds of the individuals making up the fairly new society. The compilation of cultures that continues to make up U. S. society varies greatly from those of the Swedish culture at the time their government was developed. Sweden was a very old country; therefore, the majority of the inhabitants had lived there most, if not all, of their lives. The governments of the United States and Sweden both represent their diverse populations through their respective governments. The greatest variance in the way branches operate is in the Judicial system. In the United States, the Judicial System ensures that laws are upheld and amended to meet changing times without going against the Constitution. The Swedish Judicial branch lacks the ability to review laws that may be against their constitution. A governing body. (2017, Mar 02).

Product Management Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Product Management Recommendation - Essay Example ct is worth implementing considering that it has a long life cycle (seven years) which means that the company will probably reap more from it, beyond the time used for the forcast. While the project may cost more in the long run, the benefits it will give the company in respect of reputation and brand strength greatly outweigh the costs. While the project is associated with higher risk, the benefits of its success far outweigh these risks. What’s more, the project, like all the others is associated with a short payback period approximated at one year at the most. From our analysis, we realize that the project is technically and economically feasible given that it has a high rate of return and can be completed in time with good planning. We anticipate that in three years, the project will bring a return of roughly $1600,000 with the investment of an extra $125,000. For the project to be ready for business in good time, it should be completed set up and running by March 20, 2015. To beat this deadline, the project team which includes engineers, designers, financial analysts, and technicians need to get to serious business on November 23, 2014. The procurement department will have ordered all the necessary items before this date in readiness for the project launch. The project manager and supervisors will work together in evaluating the progress of the project. They will track the level of completion of the project, the resources used, and the income generated against the original budget, estimates, and forecasts. The project manager will make adjustments to the schedules as will be necessary. At the end of the project lifecycle in March December 2021, the success or failure of the project will be established. The project will be deemed to be a success if it draws a return of at least $3,800,000 at a maximum total cost of